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Thursday, January 27, 2011
Diesel Engines vs. Gasoline Engines
In theory, diesel engines and gasoline engines are quite similar. They are both internal combus tion engines designed to convert the chemical energy available in fuel into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy moves pistons up and down inside cylinders. The pistons are connected to a crankshaft, and the up-and-down motion of the pistons, known as linear motion, creates the rotary motion needed to turn the wheels of a car forward.
Both diesel engines and gasoline engines covert fuel into energy through a series of small explosions or combustions. The major difference between diesel and gasoline is the way these explosions happen. In a gasoline engine, fuel is mixed with air, compressed by pistons and ignited by sparks from spark plugs. In a diesel engine, however, the air is compressed first, and then the fuel is injected. Because air heats up when it's compressed, the fuel ignites.
The diesel engine uses a four-stroke combustion cycle just like a gasoline engine. The four strokes are:
Intake stroke -- The intake valve opens up, letting in air and moving the piston down.
Compression stroke -- The piston moves back up and compresses the air.
Combustion stroke -- As the piston reaches the top, fuel is injected at just the right moment and ignited, forcing the piston back down.
Exhaust stroke -- The piston moves back to the top, pushing out the exhaust created from the combustion out of the exhaust valve.
Both diesel engines and gasoline engines covert fuel into energy through a series of small explosions or combustions. The major difference between diesel and gasoline is the way these explosions happen. In a gasoline engine, fuel is mixed with air, compressed by pistons and ignited by sparks from spark plugs. In a diesel engine, however, the air is compressed first, and then the fuel is injected. Because air heats up when it's compressed, the fuel ignites.
The diesel engine uses a four-stroke combustion cycle just like a gasoline engine. The four strokes are:
Intake stroke -- The intake valve opens up, letting in air and moving the piston down.
Compression stroke -- The piston moves back up and compresses the air.
Combustion stroke -- As the piston reaches the top, fuel is injected at just the right moment and ignited, forcing the piston back down.
Exhaust stroke -- The piston moves back to the top, pushing out the exhaust created from the combustion out of the exhaust valve.
HONDA
Founded by Soichiro Honda and Takeo Fujisawa on September 24, 1948, Honda Motor Company, Ltd. slowly became the world’s sixth largest manufacturer of automobiles. The company is a member of the Big Asian Four, the other three being Toyota, Nissan, and Hyundai.
Honda’s global line of cars is composed of the Fit, Civic, Accord, Insight, CR-V, Odyssey and S2000. Civic is the longest running brand from a Japanese manufacturer, second only to the Toyota Corolla which has been in the market since 1968. Accord, a series of mid-size automobiles, is the first Japanese car that saw production in United States. Insight, an affordable hybrid electric vehicle, was introduced in 1996 to rival Toyota Prius. It was also from Honda that the first Japanese luxury vehicle came, the Acura which was released in 1986.
Honda's first production automobile was the T360 mini pick-up truck. The first production car from Honda was the S500 sports car.
Chronological highlights of the history of behind Honda cars as reported by world.honda.com include:
1963 Honda's first sports car (S500) and light truck (T360) released. 1966 Sales and export of S800 begin. 1967 Front-wheel-drive minicar, N360, released. 1968 Export of N360 and N600 begin.
1971 Life minicar released.
1972 Civic released.
1976 Accord CVCC (1600cc) released.
1978 Prelude released.
1981 City released. 1985 Today minicar and Legend released. Quint Integra released.
1986 Honda expanded into the luxury automobile market with the creation of the Acura brand
1989 Accord Inspire released.
1990 NSX sports car released. 1992 Worldwide automobile production reaches 20 million units. 1994 Odyssey released.
1995 Worldwide Civic production reaches 10 million units. CR-V sports utility vehicle released. Worldwide automobile production reaches 30 million units.
1996 Step WGN (Wagon) released. 1999 Honda S2000 sports car released. Lagreat Canadian-made minivan released. Insight hybrid released.
HYUNDAI
Hyundai Motor Company is a Korean automaker, headquartered in Seoul, South Korea. A Korean word which stands for “modernity”, Hyundai Motor is a division of the Hyundai Kia Automotive Group that manages Kia Motors as well. The company’s slogan reads as “Drive your way”, while the logo is a slanted, stylized “H”, symbolizing the company shaking hands with its customer. A relative newcomer to the automobile industry, Hyundai has, nonetheless, grown to become one of the world’s largest car makers in just over three decades. Though there had been numerous obstacles, the company overcame all the odds and earned global recognition for the advanced technology and excellent quality. The company has been continuously pressing ahead to achieve its goals of ranking amongst the world’s elite automakers.
Hyundai Motor Company was founded by Chung Ju-Yung in 1947, as Hyundai Engineering and Constructions Company. The company was later established as Hyundai Motor Company in 1967. Cortina was the first model released by Hyundai, in collaboration with Ford Motor Company, in 1968. In 1975, Hyundai launched its first domestic car, Pony, which was powered by Japan’s Mitsubishi engines. The company started exporting cars to Ecuador, in the following year and then followed with exports to the Benelux countries (Belgium, Netherlands and Luxemburg). Pony was exported to Canada also where it surpassed expectations and became the top-selling car in the Canadian market.
http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/history-of-hyundai-8944.html
TOYOTA
The Toyota Motor Corporation was founded in 1937 and began exporting its cars to the United States in 1958 with little impact on the market. After studying American manufacturing and marketing techniques, Toyota began to make inroads in the automotive market in the late 1960s. Today, it's the world's largest automaker. But it recorded $7.7 billion in losses in the first quarter of 2009, the largest ever by a Japanese automaker
Toyota's origins trace to the Toyoda Automatic Loom Company and its founder, Sakichi Toyoda, who developed a loom licensed to a British company for about 1 million yen. The licensing agreement financed the Toyota Motor Company under Toyoda's son, Kiichiro. Cars were built on a modest scale, with only 1,757 produced through 1943.
In December 1945, Toyota resumed civilian vehicle production, using a U.S. military training manual to improve management and employee productivity. Early cars were the 27-horsepower Toyopets, designed for fuel efficiency but also to handle Japan's unpaved roads. By 1955, an estimated 8,400 cars were rolling off the assembly line each year.
Read more: The History of Toyota Motors | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/about_5369156_history-toyota-motors.html#ixzz1CFVvLhcx
Toyota's origins trace to the Toyoda Automatic Loom Company and its founder, Sakichi Toyoda, who developed a loom licensed to a British company for about 1 million yen. The licensing agreement financed the Toyota Motor Company under Toyoda's son, Kiichiro. Cars were built on a modest scale, with only 1,757 produced through 1943.
In December 1945, Toyota resumed civilian vehicle production, using a U.S. military training manual to improve management and employee productivity. Early cars were the 27-horsepower Toyopets, designed for fuel efficiency but also to handle Japan's unpaved roads. By 1955, an estimated 8,400 cars were rolling off the assembly line each year.
Read more: The History of Toyota Motors | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/about_5369156_history-toyota-motors.html#ixzz1CFVvLhcx
Saturday, January 22, 2011
TOYOTA PRIUS
The Toyota Prius, a gas-electric hybrid, is so popular there's a six-to-eight-month waiting list to get one at Koons Tysons Toyota. Across the street at Rosenthal Honda, the rival Honda Civic Hybrid is in ready supply -- 11 cars sat in the sun on a recent morning.
The Prius has set itself apart with a geek-chic look -- a thick, curved body, a high back end and glittering computer displays on the dashboard. It's the car of choice for image-conscious Hollywood celebrities -- Larry David, Leonardo DiCaprio and Cameron Diaz are among the faithful -- and the favorite ride of the Sierra Club with its EPA-rated 60 miles per gallon in city driving. Google Inc. founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page have burnished their hip anti-tycoon images by both driving Priuses.
Friday, January 21, 2011
FLYING CARS
Flying car soon to become reality
A car which can fly if caught in a traffic jam is soon to become a reality as the US aviation authority has given its nod for commercial production of 'ligth sport' aircraft.
The aircraft 'Terrafugia Transition', which requires 1,700-feet runway to take off, will be the smallest aeroplane with a maximum weight of 1,320 lb (about 600 kg).
The two-seater Transition can use its front-wheel to drive on roads, with wings folded, while it can take off from an adequately sized piece of flat land with the help of rear-facing propellor, unfolding electrically powered wings, The Telegraph reported.
Its cruising speed in the air is 115 mph (185 kph) with a range of 460 miles (735 km) , and it can carry 450 lb.
The US Federal Aviation Administration has granted special exemption to the vehicle, allowing it to be classified as a light sport aircraft despite being 120 lb over the limit.
Light sport aircraft licences require just 20 hours' flying time, making them much easier to obtain than full private licences.
The manufacturer of the aircraft Terrafugia says that one of the major advantages of the Transition over ordinary light aircraft is safety. In the event of inclement weather, it can simply drive home instead of either being grounded or flying in unsafe conditions.
According to the company, 70 people have already booked the car, with a deposit money of $10,000 each. The car is expected to cost $194,000.
Tuesday, January 11, 2011
SINGLE PIECE SOLID (STEPPED CONE PULLEY) PATTERN
AIM:
To make a wooden Single piece solid (stepped cone pulley) pattern using a wood turning lathe.
EQUIPMENT:
Wood turning lathe machine.
TOOLS:
Wooden piece, gouge, chisels, parting tool, finishing tool, sand papers.
SPECIFICATIONS:
| Length of bed - 6.5 ft | 1980/78" |
| Height of centers | 165/6½" |
| Admit between centers | 1220/48" |
| Max work diameter | 150/6" |
| Standard pitches | 100/4",125/5" |
| | 150/6",175/7", |
| | 250/10" |
| Divisions | Up to 6 |
| Total power required | Single phase |
| Approx. wt. of machine - kg. | 250 |
PROCEDURE:
· Fix the wooden piece in between centres of the wood turning lathe.
· Centering of the work piece is done by locating the centre of the work piece by drawing diagonals across the corners.
· Dimensions on the work piece are marked using calipers.
· Proper cutting speed, feed and depth of cut are selected for the operation
· The work piece is turned by using roughing gouge to get the required diameter of Ø 100 mm throughout its length.
· Step turning is done as per the dimensions shown in the figure.
· Finishing is done by using skew chisel and other tools
· The waste material on the work piece is removed carefully with the help of chisel.
· The outer surface of the stepped cone pulley is made smooth with the help of sand paper.
PRECAUTIONS:
· Wear the goggles in order to protect the eyes from the wood dust.
· Avoid back chiselling, cut in forward direction only.
· Check whether the work piece is fixed tightly or not.
RESULT:
Thus, the required shape of the pattern is obtained.
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